The UNIX file system is organized hierarchically according to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.

UNIX follows the philosophy that everything is a file. Directories are indicated with a “/” separator and start from the root directory “/” and different devices are linked to this tree.

Files and directories can be referred to either using absolute or relative file names.

Typically, several elementary programs are pre-installed and allow access and manipulation of files and directories.

• Describe the organization of a hierarchical file system.
• Explain the basic UNIX permission model and metadata of files.
• Describe the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard and the relevance of the directories:
  • etc
  • home
  • opt
  • lib and /usr/lib
  • bin and /usr/bin
  • sbin and /usr/sbin
  • tmp
• Utilize tools to navigate and traverse the file system:
  • ls (-R, -l)
  • cd
  • pushd/popd
  • stat
• Use tools to read files:
  • cat
  • head/tail
  • less/more
  • cmp
• Utilize tools to manipulate the file system:
  • mkdir/rmdir
  • touch
  • cp/mv
  • ln
• Utilize tools to identify and manipulate permissions:
  • chmod
  • chown/chgrp