# K5 Modeling Costs

The user's awareness of the costs related to the operation of an HPC system is raised.

For the resources of an HPC system, a distinction is made between costs for the computing elements of the supercomputer and costs for the storage system.

## Learning objectives
  * Describe the impact of a cluster nodes type (e.g. CPU type, main memory expansion, or GPU extensions) and of the storage media type (SSD, disk, or e.g. tape for long term archiving (LTA) purposes) on its costs.
  * Describe how to assess runtime costs for jobs.
  * Discuss how to assess the costs for the infrastructure of data and computing centers as well as their personnel costs.
  * Explain economic and business aspects, e.g., break-even considerations, when personnel costs for tuning a parallel program and savings through speedups achieved are compared.
  * Understand costs of resources and remember
     * cluster node types
     * Runtime costs
     * Storage systems
  * Understand costs of Data/compute centers
  * Understand Economic and bisiness aspects for modelling costs
  * Understand Personnel costs of tuning and remeber
     * Break-even considerations
     * savings through speedups

## Subskills